By Simon Fraser, BBC
Presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto, centre. dances on stage at a gathering with supporters in Jakarta after polls closed in the country's presidential and legislative elections. Photo: AFP
Indonesia's defence minister Prabowo Subianto is on course to become the country's next president after early results showed him winning more than half of votes cast in the first round.
"This victory is victory for all Indonesians," he told cheering supporters, hours after polls closed.
Early polling samples showed the feared former general winning more than 57 percent of votes, avoiding a second round run-off.
Full results in the world's largest single-day vote are not due for weeks.
But Indonesia's state-approved polling samples - so-called "quick counts" performed within hours of voting - have been relatively accurate in previous years.
Prabowo, 72, is a polarising figure whose popularity has prompted fears that Indonesia is in danger of sliding back towards its authoritarian past. A former special forces commander during General Suharto's dictatorship, he has been dogged by allegations of human rights abuses.
He was greeted by crowds of cheering supporters at an indoor arena in Jakarta shortly after polls closed - and cautioned supporters not to be arrogant.
"Even though we should be grateful, we must not be arrogant, not euphoric, remain humble; this victory must be a victory for all the people of Indonesia," said Prabowo, who heads the Advanced Indonesia Coalition.
He also mentioned the names of former presidents, including a note of gratitude to outgoing President Joko Widodo. He ran unsuccessfully against Widodo, who remains hugely popular, in the last two elections. However, the man known as "Jokowi" must now stand down after two five-year terms.
Many voters said they were disillusioned with their voting options. "The difficulty of this election is that none of the choices is clear-cut on the issues, so the challenge for us voters is to choose the least-worst option," a businessman in central Jakarta told the BBC.
But another voter, currently living in Germany, said "Indonesia really needs a strong figure", supporting the idea of the former general gaining office.
"Prabowo could be a good president," she said.
This time, Prabowo faced two former provincial governors, Ganjar Pranowo and Anies Baswedan. By late evening local time, quick counts showed them trailing far behind him, on 17% and 25 percent respectively.
Prabowo's predicted victory is seen as proof that he managed to soften his strongman image. He cast himself as a moderate, "cuddly grandpa" figure and can be seen doing his signature dance move, both on stage and several TikTok videos. His campaign team also encouraged him to share cat-related content on Instagram.
He also formed an alliance with President Widodo, who came in for criticism when his eldest son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, joined Prabowo as running mate.
There were ecstatic scenes from supporters when the pair entered the arena on Wednesday night. Prabowo reminded them they must still wait for official results from the election commission.
But he told the cheering crowd: "We are grateful for the quick count results. All the calculation, all pollsters including those on our rivals' side - the figures showed a Prabowo-Gibran win in one round."
The former general's involvement in past human right abuses cast a shadow over his campaign, but was largely ignored by younger voters, who make up nearly half of the electorate. He denies the allegations and has not been convicted of anything. Activists say he has never been held accountable for the alleged abduction and killing of pro-democracy student activists in the 1990s, and other abuses.
Given the size of Prabowo's early lead, there were few signs of optimism from his opponents.
Anies Baswedan, his nearest challenger going by the quick counts, said he planned to continue his movement for change and pointed out that vote tallying was not over.
"We will wait until the official result and we will respect it," the Coalition of Change for Unity (KPP) leader and former governor of Jakarta told reporters at his campaign headquarters.
Ganjar Pranowo, whose Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) supported Widodo's election runs, had been tipped to succeed him early on before the latter distanced himself from his party's campaign.
Ganjar was nowhere to be seen when BBC Indonesian visited his headquarters in central Jakarta. "Ganjar left, just saying he wanted to go home. I don't know where he is," one journalist said.
More than 205 million voters across Indonesia's 17,000 islands and three time zones were eligible to vote in the election.
Election workers trekked through jungles and rowed boats to deliver ballot boxes to the most remote areas in places like Papua and Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo).
- This story was first published by the BBC