The French-based International Observatory of Prisons has gone to court in New Caledonia decrying the conditions at the prison in Noumea.
The organisation (OIP) said with the overcrowding at Camp-Est jail the situation was alarming and it was up to the court to intervene.
That comes just two weeks after France was found guilty of breaching the human rights of prisoners in French Polynesia by treating them in a degrading manner.
The European Court of Human Rights also found that France failed to remedy conditions despite urgent orders by local judges.
The OIP said the judges in New Caledonia needed to take heed of the European court ruling to end the serious breaches of the rights of those jailed.