Russian investigators and witnesses say there was no alarm and exits were blocked when a fire engulfed a shopping and entertainment mall in Siberia, killing at least 64 people.
Emergency vehicles as they gather outside a burning shopping centre in Kemerovo. Photo: AFP
Many of the victims in the coal-mining city of Kemerovo were children.
Russia's Investigative Committee spoke of blocked exits and "serious violations" at the Winter Cherry mall.
Sunday's blaze started on an upper floor. The mall's shops, cinema and bowling alley were packed at the time.
Video on social media showed people jumping from windows to escape.
The Investigative Committee says a fire safety technician at the complex "switched off the alarm system" after being alerted about the fire.
The committee says two other fire safety officials have been detained for questioning, along with the Winter Cherry complex's technical director and the manager of a business located where the fire started.
Ten people are still listed as missing. Local teachers are trying to trace their pupils, who were on holiday. They do not know how many were in the complex.
In a Facebook post (in Russian), Kemerovo politician Anton Gorelkin said that "fire exits were shut, turning the complex into a trap" and "there was no organised evacuation".
He also said a fire extinguisher that could have doused the flames at the start did not work.
The region's deputy governor, Vladimir Chernov, said "this is the question: why were the doors shut?"
Russian media said most of the roof had collapsed. The fire engulfed a children's trampoline room and a cinema on the fourth floor.
The cause of the fire is not yet known.
Firefighters said the building was still smouldering a day later, with smoke billowing out and the remaining structures at risk of collapse.
What do we know so far?
The fire broke out at about 17:00 local time on Sunday (11pm NZ time). Some 660 emergency personnel were deployed in the rescue effort.
Deputy governor Chernov was quoted as saying the fire probably began in the children's trampoline room.
"The preliminary suspicion is that a child had a cigarette lighter which ignited foam rubber in this trampoline room, and it erupted like gunpowder," he said.
However, Rossiya 24 TV, a national broadcaster, said an electrical fault was the most likely cause - as in most previous deadly fires in Russia.
Russia's commissioner for children's rights, Anna Kuznetsova, has blamed negligence, and called for urgent safety checks at similar entertainment complexes.
Two witnesses told BBC Russian that they had seen the fire blazing in the trampoline room on the fourth floor but had not heard any fire alarm.
Meanwhile, witness Anna Zarechneva told Russian RBC News that "a woman burst into the cinema during the film and shouted 'Fire! Fire!', and we started running out".
"The lights didn't come on in there to help us escape. We got out by following the floor lighting. But at that point no alarm bells were ringing. I only heard an alarm when I reached the first floor."
The daughter of a shop assistant who was working on the second floor said "the alarm didn't go off... she learnt about the fire from a man who ran past her - there was no help from any staff".
There are unconfirmed reports that some mall guards prevented children from fleeing down staircases.
Kemerovo region has declared three days of mourning, and locals are leaving flowers and cuddly toys at a makeshift memorial near the complex.
An Instagram post from Kemerovo showed a big queue of volunteers waiting to donate blood at a clinic.
Очередь в пункт Сдачи Крови! Кемеровчане #кемерово #кемеровоинста #kemerovo #kemerovoinsta #кузбасс
A post shared by Кемерово | Kemerovo (@kemerovo_insta) on
Who were the victims?
At least nine of the bodies found so far are children.
As well as those killed, 11 injured victims are being treated in hospital, suffering from smoke inhalation.
The most serious case is an 11-year-old boy whose parents and siblings died in the fire, Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova said. He reportedly fell from the fourth floor and is in intensive care with multiple injuries.
Russia's emergencies ministry says 58 bodies have been recovered, and so far just 17 have been identified.
Kemerovo lies about 3,600km east of Moscow.
The shopping centre, covering 23,000 sq m opened in 2013. It includes a petting zoo, all of whose animals are reported to have died.
Yevgeny Dedyukhin, deputy head of the Kemerovo region emergency department, said the area of the fire was about 1,500 sq m.
"The shopping centre is a very complex construction," he said. "There are a lot of combustible materials."
Russia's deadliest fires
2009 - 156 people die in a Perm nightclub inferno in the Urals region, Russia's worst fire in recent years (fireworks and lack of exits blamed)
2007 - Fire engulfs a rural old people's home in the southern region of Krasnodar, killing 63 (burning cigarette blamed)
2006 - 46 die in Moscow narcological hospital fire (arson blamed)
2003 - A hostel fire at the Russian People's Friendship University in Moscow kills 44 (lack of safety measures blamed)
1999 - Fire engulfs the police headquarters in the southern city of Samara, killing 57 people (burning cigarette blamed officially, but arson by criminals not ruled out)
- Source: Interfax news agency
- BBC