People don't expect fast-food "combo" meals to be healthy eating, but new research shows just how bad they can be.
One of the worst combo meals included 16 teaspoons of sugar. Photo: 123RF
Nutrition experts at the University of Auckland's School of Population Health have carried out New Zealand's first detailed research into combos, analysing serving size and nutrition information from 20 chains.
Kilojoules (calories), sodium (salt), sugar, and saturated fat content were compared to daily recommended intakes.
One of the least healthy combos (a double burger, dessert, fries and a sugary soft drink) included 16 teaspoons of sugar, along with more calories than an average person needs for an entire day, with a similar excess of salt.
Researchers have declined to name the fast-food chain to avoid singling out one company.
"Even when you're going for the convenience of a combo meal, your exact choice can make a big difference for your health," said lead researcher Dr Sally Mackay.
"Go for smaller portions, skip the dessert, and choose a low-sugar drink, and you'll see the benefit for your wallet as well as your body."
To help consumers make healthier choices, fast food chains need to provide more nutrition information at the point of purchase, and cut portion sizes, Dr Mackay said.
Items high in calories, salt or sugar could carry a warning symbol on the menu board.
Two out of three adults in New Zealand are obese or overweight, along with three in 10 children. High salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure and stroke.
The study, published recently in the journal Nutrients, outlined the several key findings.
These included:
- Burgers ranged in size from as small as 101 grams to as large as 718 grams
- Smoothies, often viewed by consumers as healthy, came as large as 600 millilitres and could be high in calories and sugar. Two of the smoothies each provided 40 percent of a person's daily calories
- Some fast food chains had no nutrition information available either online or in store
- Many products exceeded UK targets for levels of salt, which were used for comparison because New Zealand lacks such targets
- A "least-healthy" combo had more than three times the calories, over twice the salt, and thirteen times the sugar of a combo meal consisting of a cheeseburger, small fries and a no-sugar soft drink.
Tools to encourage healthier eating could include government-set targets for calories and salt in fast foods, and menu board labelling, which is currently under consideration by policy makers, the report also found
Dr Mackay said it was disappointing most takeaway chains failed to provide nutrition information for most products, and some failed to provide any information.
The 20 fast-food chains whose meals were analysed were: Burger Fuel, Burger King, Burger Wisconsin, Domino's Pizza, Hell Pizza, Jester's Pies, KFC, McDonald's, McCafé, Muffin Break, Noodle Canteen, Pita Pit, Pizza Hut, St Pierres Sushi, Subway, Tank Juice, Wendy's, Wild Bean Café, Wishbone, Z Express. The seven chains that failed to provide nutritional information were: Nando's, Night 'n Day, Sal's Pizza, Shake Shed and Co, Shamiana, Starbucks and The Coffee Club.
The study was based on data collected in-store and from company websites from February to March 2020.
It was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council and used information from Nutritrack, which is funded by the Health Research Council.