Molten lava from the erupting Kilauea Volcano on Hawaii's Big Island crept to the edge of a geothermal power plant on Monday, as workers rushed to shut down the facility to prevent the uncontrollable release of toxic gases.
A steam plume rises as lava enters the Pacific Ocean, after flowing to the water from a Kilauea volcano fissure. Photo: AFP
The race to cap three geothermal wells at the site marked the latest challenge facing authorities as they cope with what geologists rank as one of the biggest upheavals in a century from one of the world's most active volcanoes.
The Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) plant, which provides about 25 percent of the Big Island's power, has been closed since shortly after lava began erupting on 3 May through newly opened fissures in the ground running through neighborhoods and roads on the far eastern flank of Kilauea.
Within a week, some 220,000 litres of the highly flammable chemical pentane, which was stored at the plant, were moved from harm's way.
Workers are now trying to shut down the plant's three wells, which run 1800m to 2400m underground to tap into extremely hot water and steam used to run turbines and produce electricity.
"We do want to shut down the wells so that we would eliminate the broader risk of uncontrolled release [of gases and steam from the plant]," Hawaii governor David Ige said.
A stream of lava from one nearby fissure reached the PGV grounds overnight Sunday but stalled behind a berm built on the boundary of the property to hold back the molten flow, Hawaii County Civil Defense spokeswoman Janet Synder said.
She said the leading edge of the lava flow had stopped about 300m from the nearest well pad at the plant, as plant workers were in the final stages of capping two wells.
She said they were having difficulty quenching the third.
The state said last week it was pumping cold water into the wells and would cap them with iron plugs. Authorities are looking at alternative measures to kill the third well, Ms Snyder said.
Laze alert
About 4.8 km to the east of the plant on the coast, noxious clouds of acid fumes, steam and fine glass-like particles billowed into the sky as lava poured into the ocean from two flows cutting across Highway 137, one of the main exit routes from the eruption zone.
Laze - a term combining the words 'lava' and 'haze' - is formed when erupting lava, which can reach 1000°C, reacts with sea water. It is potentially deadly if inhaled.
"If one were to be near the laze, because of the various acids, it would be corrosive to the eyes, the nose and respiratory tract, and the skin," Alvin Bronstein from the Hawaii State Department of Health said.
Laze killed two people when a lava flow reached the coast in 2000, and authorities warned residents to stay clear of it.
Another hazard was the potential for methane gas explosions as searing lava neared pockets of rotting vegetation, igniting traces of the flammable gas given off by the decay.
"These are quite a big hazard in vegetative areas and the explosions can occur well away from the lava flow itself," geologist Janet Babb said.
Geologists say Kilauea's eruption, which has already produced around two dozen lava-spewing fissures, has now entered a more violent phase, in which larger volumes of molten rock are oozing from the ground and traveling farther than before.
At least 44 homes and other structures have been destroyed in the Leilani Estates and Laipuna Gardens area of the Puna district, and a man was seriously injured on Saturday when a plate-sized chunk of molten shot out of a fissure and struck him on the leg.
Two thousand people have been ordered from their homes due to lava flows and toxic sulfur dioxide gas, levels of which have tripled in the last two days, according to civil defense officials. The Hawaii National Guard has warned of more mandatory evacuations if further highways are blocked.
- Reuters