The Federal Reserve signaled future increases in borrowing costs could be made in smaller steps Photo: AFP
The United States Federal Reserve has raised interest rates by three-quarters of a percentage point as it continued to battle the worst outbreak of inflation in 40 years, but signalled future increases in borrowing costs could be made in smaller steps to account for the "cumulative tightening of monetary policy" it has enacted so far.
The new language in the US central bank's latest policy statement took note of the still-evolving impact that its rapid pace of rate hikes has set in motion, and a desire to hone in on a level for the federal funds rate "sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2 percent over time".
"Ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate," the policy-setting Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) said at the end of a two-day meeting. While not foreclosing any future decision, Fed officials said, "In determining the pace of future increases in the target range, the committee will take into account the cumulative tightening of monetary policy, the lags with which monetary policy affects economic activity and inflation, and economic and financial developments."
The language acknowledges the broad debate that has emerged around the Fed's policy tightening, its impact on the US and world economies, and the danger that continued large rate hikes could stress the financial system or trigger a recession.
While its recent rapid increases have been done in the name of moving "expeditiously" to catch up with inflation running at more than three times the Fed's target, the central bank is now entering a more nuanced phase - fine-tuning instead of "front-loading."
Downshift
The policy decision set the target federal funds rate in a range between 3.75 percent and 4.00 percent, the highest since early 2008.
The US central bank has raised rates at its last six meetings beginning in March, marking the fastest round of increases since former Fed Chair Paul Volcker's fight to control inflation in the 1970s and 1980s.
The Fed's statement said officials remained "highly attentive to inflation risks," opening the door to further hikes.
The economy, the Fed noted, appeared to be growing modestly, with still "robust" job gains and low unemployment.
The signal that the Fed appears done with that "front-loading" phase of its tightening ignited a broad rally in US stock and bond markets. It also undercut the dollar, which has surged this year on the large differential that has accumulated between US and foreign central bank interest rates.
The main US stock indices erased earlier losses after the Fed's statement was released, while the yields on US Treasury securities dropped sharply.
The shift in the FOMC statement "took me a little by surprise," said Derek Tang, an economist with forecasting firm LH Meyer.
The Fed's statement "was a lot more definite about a possible downshift than I thought it would be. I thought (Fed chair Jerome Powell) would reserve a lot more judgment until December but it seems like the committee did reach a consensus that they could downshift as early as December, depending on how the data go".
- Reuters