Sri Lanka Navy apprehends a local multiday fishing trawler with 38 individuals, suspected to be on an illegal migration attempt to a foreign country via sea, during a search operation carried out in southeastern seas of the island on 11 June, 2022. File photo Photo: Supplied / Sri Lanka Navy
A government log of attempts by asylum seekers to reach New Zealand shows a fishing trawler and its 248 Sri Lankan passengers have never been seen again.
Immigration Minister Michael Wood has refused to be drawn on what information the government has about attempts to reach New Zealand shores by boat.
On 28 March, the day he introduced legislation extending the time people in mass arrivals can be held in detention from four to potentially 28 days, his office also released a list of attempts to reach New Zealand and Australia.
On 12 January 2019, "a 90 foot-long fishing trawler-turned-sailboat left Maliankara near Munambam, India, with 248 Tamil migrants onboard hoping to make it to Australia or NZ. The boat or the passengers have not been heard of since."
Its fate was never known - an RNZ story detailed its departure and concerns for the safety of its crew and passengers 10 days later.
Police in India said an individual arrested in connection with the investigation, Prabhu Dhandapani, told them the boat was heading to New Zealand.
Wood revealed officials started looking at changes to the mass arrivals legislation later that same year, but work was delayed by Covid.
Immigration Minister Michael Wood. Photo: RNZ / Samuel Rillstone
The legislation changing detention time limits was about ensuring a large number of migrants or asylum seekers would be able to access full legal advice, he said.
"I don't think this is about being a deterrent [to people-smugglers and passengers] at all," he said.
"We have other activities that take place, we invest significantly in work with other countries to go to source and discourage people-smuggling, which is enormously dangerous and takes advantage of humans who are in some of the most desperate circumstances. So that's the deterrence."
When asked about what intelligence the government had on smuggling, he instead referenced attempts already in the public domain.
"On open source there is good information out there about the number of recent, of vessels emanating out of south and south-east Asia. And we have been pretty clear and on record, that there is good intelligence that New Zealand is a potential destination.
"It is not a likely event and our physical distance offers us some protection. But if it does transpire, it is a very high impact event.
"We note that Canada in recent years from a similar distance has had an arrival, and 10 years after that arrival they are still effectively dealing with that situation."
The list of publicly available mass arrival attempts shows the 2019 Tamil journey from Kerela as an attempt to get to Australia or New Zealand and its outcome - "disappeared".
Information provided by Immigration New Zealand about mass arrival attempts. Photo: Supplied / Immigration New Zealand
It also records an October 2021 event in which 63 men were arrested in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, for "allegedly intending to join a maritime venture to New Zealand".
"Police said that these suspects had packed for a long sea journey, with required clothing and coats to be worn in cold weather and there was a large quantity of luggage," according to the Sri Lankan Daily News.
"The racketeers had charged each person sums ranging from Rs. 2.5 million to Rs. 4 million (up to NZ$19,577) on the promise that they would be sent to New Zealand. The police also said that these persons are being questioned to find out whether they had to pay money in advance."
The remainder of the incidents were attempts to get to Australia between 2019 and 2022.
Not on the list was an incident in which Australian Border Force intercepted another Sri Lankan boat destined for New Zealand and allegedly paid crew more than US$30,000 (NZ$44,576.52) to turn the boat around in 2015.
And in 2013, a boat with a New Zealand flag and passengers holding a sign saying: "We want to go to New Zealand. Please help us" was stopped 400km north of Perth in Western Australia.
Did they drown?
To date, no maritime mass arrival attempt has successfully reached New Zealand.
Former Prime Minister John Key said in 2015 that a boat carrying 65 Sri Lankans and Bangladeshis had been en route here, and vessels were now capable of making the journey.
People smuggling is punishable by up to 20 years imprisonment and a fine of up to $500,000 in New Zealand.
Immigration New Zealand details how people smugglers and facilitators often mislead migrants about the risks of being smuggled, the chance of success and economic conditions in destination countries.
As well as the risk of death from drowning in overloaded boats, passengers sometimes suffer physical or psychological violence, can be trafficked for forced labour or sexual exploitation and can also die from dehydration or starvation.
In 2019, $25 million was allocated over four years on prevention measures, including the expansion of New Zealand's network of Migration Liaison Officers offshore.
On the missing 2019 boat attempt, a blog "To The Antipodes, On A Boat Without GPS" by The Times of India after the boat carrying 248 people left India said the passengers were Sri Lankan Tamil refugees housed in Madangir Colony in New Delhi.
"The colony was a result of the India-Sri Lanka accord in the 1980s, and these refugees were largely living in abject conditions," police told author KP Saikiran.
They avoided using GPS, fearing their movements would be tracked by security agencies, in a journey expected to take about 25 days.
"The boat must have either sunk in rough seas, or it could have been captured by Sri Lankan authorities, which also would have been fatal to those on the boat," he concluded.
"In all probability, either way, they would have lost their lives," said police sources.
"Blue Corner notices were sent to both Australia and New Zealand through Interpol for all the 248 passengers, but no favourable information has been received."