By Joey Roulette, Reuters
In this screen grab from a NASA livestream, the Boeing Starliner spacecraft can be seen pulling away from the International Space Station for its unmanned return to the surface of Earth. Photo: NASA / AFP
- Starliner lands in New Mexico desert after troubled mission
- NASA astronauts Wilmore and Williams to return on SpaceX vehicle in February 2025
- Boeing's Starliner program faces $1.6 billion in cost overruns since 2016
Boeing's Starliner spacecraft landed uncrewed in a New Mexico desert on Saturday (NZT), capping a three-month test mission hobbled by technical issues that forced the astronauts it had flown to the International Space Station to remain there until next year.
NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, who became the first crew to fly Starliner in June, remained on the ISS with seven other astronauts 400km in orbit as Starliner autonomously departed the laboratory at 6:04pm ET (10:04am NZT) for a six-hour journey toward Earth.
Starliner returned to Earth seemingly without a hitch, a NASA live stream showed, nailing the critical final phase of its mission.
The spacecraft reentered Earth's atmosphere at around 11pm ET (3pm NZT) at orbital speeds of roughly 27,400 km per hour.
About 45 minutes later, it deployed a series of parachutes to slow its descent and inflated a set of airbags moments before touching down at the White Sands Space Harbor, an arid desert in New Mexico.
The two astronauts bid farewell to a capsule whose propulsion system problems stretched their eight-day test into an eight-month mission. Stocked with extra food and supplies, Wilmore and Williams will instead return on a SpaceX vehicle in February 2025, NASA announced last week.
Since then, Boeing engineers have uploaded new software to Starliner that allows it to come back without a crew inside. The return trip will be a key test of Starliner's manoeuvring capability.
The capsule is poised to use its manoeuvring thrusters to gradually lower its orbit and reenter Earth's atmosphere at around 11:17pm (0317 GMT / 3.17pm NZ time on Saturday), followed by a parachute-assisted touchdown at the White Sands Space Harbor, an arid military test site in New Mexico.
Five of Starliner's 28 manoeuvring thrusters had failed with Wilmore and Williams on board during their approach to the ISS in June, while the same propulsion system sprang several leaks of helium, which is used to pressurise the thrusters.
Despite successfully docking on 6 June, the failures set off a monthslong investigation by Boeing - with some help from NASA - that has cost the company US$125 million (NZ$202m), bringing total cost overruns on the Starliner program just above $1.6 billion (NZ$2.6b) since 2016, according to a Reuters analysis of securities filings.
Boeing's Starliner woes have persisted since the spacecraft failed a 2019 test trip to the ISS without a crew. Starliner did a re-do mission in 2022 and largely succeeded, though some of its thrusters malfunctioned.
Photo: JOE RAEDLE / Getty Images via AFP
The aerospace giant's Starliner woes represent the latest struggle that call into question Boeing's future in space, a domain it had dominated for decades until Elon Musk's SpaceX began offering cheaper launches for satellites and astronauts and reshaped the way NASA works with private companies.
Boeing hopes to recover the Starliner capsule after it touches down in New Mexico and continue its investigation into why the thrusters failed in space.
But the section housing Starliner's thrusters - the "service module" trunk that provides in-space manoeuvring capabilities - is designed to detach from the capsule just before it plunges into Earth's atmosphere.
The service module bearing the faulty thrusters will burn up in the atmosphere, meaning Boeing will rely on simulated tests to figure out what went wrong with the hardware in space.
Starliner, bearing a heatshield to survive its own reentry, will deploy a series of parachutes to slow its descent and inflate a set of exterior airbags moments before touchdown to cushion the impact.
- Reuters