Armed officers at the 2014 Sydney siege should have been sent in earlier to rescue the hostages and not waited until Tori Johnson was shot and killed, New South Wales Police Commissioner Mick Fuller has conceded.
The stunning concession came after an 18-month inquest into the Australian siege.
An armed officer outside the Lindt cafe during the 2014 Sydney seige. Photo: AFP
Coroner Michael Barnes has announced the findings from the long inquest, saying police waited too long to go into the cafe after the first shot was fired at 2:03am.
"We certainly should have gone in earlier," Mr Fuller told ABC TV programme Four Corners.
"We need to have gone in at a time when there was some sense of control, rather than us going in having no idea where he possibly was, no idea where the other hostages were - it would've been one of the most dangerous times to go in."
During the siege inquest, some police commanders defended the decision not to enter the Lindt Cafe when the situation inside deteriorated, especially as gunman Man Haron Monis had repeatedly claimed he had a bomb in his backpack.
Just after 2am, Tori Johnson was forced to his knees by Monis, who fired his sawn-off shotgun over Mr Johnson's head.
NSW Police Commissioner Mick Fuller now concedes police should have gone into the cafe sooner. Photo: Supplied
Commissioner Fuller said police should have gone in after the first shot: "The answer for that is a very difficult one for me, other than we got that wrong."
"There's an expectation from the community, and I think it's a fair one, that we will show force in those situations in future," he said.
The commander of the tactical unit on the day of the siege was pushing his superiors for approval of a pre-emptive plan to rescue the hostages.
It was refused.
Mark Jenkins was the overall police commander at the end of the siege.
He told the inquest: "At that stage we thought that it was highly likely that this person was wearing an IED [improvised explosive device] on their back, so any plan to make a forced entry into the cafe, whether it be an emergency action plan or a deliberate action plan, we thought it was highly likely to result in some loss of life. That's why we pursued a contain and negotiate strategy."
The forward commander in charge in the final minutes of the siege also said he did not order an emergency action to send in police for fear of a bomb.
"I was sending those police into die. I fully expected that bomb to go off at that time. I was going to lose all the tactical police … I was going to lose all of the hostages," he told the inquest.
Monis shot and killed Mr Johnson at 2:13am.
Police killed Monis shortly after entering the cafe and, in the chaos of the emergency action, hostage Katrina Dawson was also killed by fragments of police bullets.
Psychiatrist's position 'under review'
During the siege, police commanders relied heavily on a psychiatrist, brought into advise negotiators.
Mr Fuller said that whether the psychiatrist would work with police in the future was "under review".
During the inquest, the psychiatrist admitted that his knowledge of Islamic State (IS) was not up to date.
Despite this, he advised police commanders during the siege that Monis showed no signs of IS methodology and was "grandstanding".
"No one person should be able to influence a commander to make a decision," Mr Fuller said.
Monis was on bail at the time for accessory to murder and had also been charged with 43 sexual assaults.
At the inquest, the psychiatrist downplayed the violence of those assaults, repeatedly describing them as "acts of seduction".
Mr Fuller said that view did not fit with NSW Police thinking on sexual assault.
"Not sexual assault, not domestic violence, not any violence towards women or the community," he said.
"People will give you poor advice during operations and I've been given poor advice myself. You need to have the courage to filter that," Commissioner Fuller said.
Procedures to be changed to give police 'confidence'
At the time of the Sydney siege, Mick Fuller was commanding the Central Metropolitan Region and was the officer in charge of the police response for the first hour.
"At that stage, it would've taken a shot being fired or some other apparent act of violence for me to call what is known as an 'emergency action'," he said.
When then-police commissioner Andrew Scipione declared the siege a terrorist event, Fuller was replaced by Assistant Commissioner Mark Murdoch.
The primary 'trigger' for an emergency action was that police would only go inside in response to a death or serious injury of a hostage.
During the inquest, police argued that an imminent threat of death or injury to a hostage was also part of the 'trigger'.
While there was no reference to this secondary 'trigger' by commanders on the day of the siege, Coroner Michael Barnes concluded in his inquest findings on Wednesday there was a secondary trigger in place.
"The emergency was only activated after the primary trigger was reached," he said.
"An emergency action should have been initiated following the first shot of Monis at 2:03am."
"The 10 minutes that lapsed without decisive action by police was too long. Tori Johnson was executed in the meantime before the decision to entered the cafe was made," the NSW Coroner said.
Mr Fuller was promoted to Commissioner in March 2017.
He said he planned to empower commanders to approve pre-emptive assaults in future terrorist events.
"I will ensure that future emergency actions are not just death and serious injury, but there is attached a reasonable set of actions that will give police confidence to go in," Commissioner Fuller said.
"I would be disappointed in the future, if the emergency action didn't include some specific acts that would be a lead-up to what would be the emergency action … a threat, a gunshot fired, perhaps not in the vicinity of someone but a shot fired."
- ABC