Protesters have scaled the Arc de Triomphe in central Paris, as clashes with riot police continued during a third weekend of "yellow vest" rallies.
Demonstrators carry a French flag during a protest of Yellow vests (Gilets jaunes) against rising oil prices and living costs, on December 1, 2018 in Paris. Photo: AFP
Police fired tear gas, stun grenades and water cannon on the Champs-Elysées, while masked protesters hurled projectiles and set buildings on fire.
At least 110 people were injured, including 17 members of the security forces, and 270 arrests were made.
Protests over fuel tax have grown into general anger at higher living costs.
President Emmanuel Macron says his fuel policies are needed to combat global warming.
One person was in a critical condition after protesters pulled down an iron gate at the Tuileries garden near the Louvre museum, which fell on several people.
An assault rifle was also stolen from a police vehicle although it was unclear if it was loaded, AFP news agency quotes a police source as saying.
The French interior ministry said at least 75,000 people had turned out across France for the latest "gilets jaunes" (yellow vest) rallies - so called because the protesters donned the high-vis vest required to be carried in every vehicle by law.
Nearly 190 fires were put out and six buildings were set ablaze, the interior ministry said.
What has Macron said?
Responding to the day's events from the G20 summit in Buenos Aires, Mr Macron said the protests "had absolutely nothing to do with a peaceful demonstration of a legitimate unhappiness or discontent."
He said those responsible did not want change, but instead intended to "wreak chaos".
"No cause justifies that authorities are attacked, that businesses are plundered, that passers-by or journalists are threatened or that the Arc de Triomphe is defiled," he added.
Mr Macron said those responsible would be brought to justice.
"They will be identified and brought to justice, as soon as I get back to Paris tomorrow I'll meet the prime minister, the minister of the interior and all of the services involved. I will always respect those who disagree and I will always listen to any opposition, but I will never accept violence."
Earlier this week, Mr Macron tried to strike a conciliatory tone, saying he was open to ideas about how the fuel tax could be applied.
But his speech does not appear to have gone far enough in assuaging people of the view that he is out of touch with ordinary people.
What happened on Saturday?
Dramatic protests took place over several hours in French capital.
One building was set on fire on a major avenue near the Arc de Triomphe and protesters stole an assault rifle from a police vehicle in the centre of the city.
Department stores and metro stations were closed as a result of the violence. But protesters insisted the movement was peaceful.
"It's a mess because we don't have a leader," Dan Lodi, 68, told AFP.
"You always have some idiots who come to fight, but they don't represent us at all," he said.
Among the peaceful demonstrators, who held up slogans such as "Macron, stop treating us like idiots", there were those hiding their faces with masks and goggles.
Police fired tear gas, a water cannon and stun grenades to disperse those who were trying to tear down the barricades.
Interior Minister Christophe Castaner, who visited the scene, tweeted that there were "1500 agitators outside the security perimeter who came to fight".
He called the protests "an insult to the republic".
What else do we know about the protests?
The movement has grown via social media to encompass rising anger at high taxes and living costs, and broader criticism of President Macron's economic policies. It has supporters across the political spectrum, from far left to far right, although Mr Macron has accused his political opponents of hijacking the movement in order to block his reform programme.
A BBC correspondent says that because the movement has grown via social media, it does not have an identifiable leadership or a coherent demand. What it does have, he says, is a lot of co-ordination via Facebook and a lot of support from the public.
Nearly 300,000 people took part in the first country-wide demonstration, on 17 November.
Most demonstrators have remained peaceful, although more than 200 people were injured, several seriously. One person died when they were struck by a panicked driver and a motorcyclist was killed a few days later, when they were hit by a van making a sudden turn in the traffic chaos.
Why are drivers on the warpath?
The price of diesel, the most commonly used fuel in French cars, has risen by around 23 percent over the past 12 months to an average of €1.51 ($US1.71) per litre, its highest point since the early 2000s.
World oil prices did rise before falling back again but the Macron government raised its hydrocarbon tax this year by 7.6 cents per litre on diesel and 3.9 cents on petrol, as part of a campaign for cleaner cars and fuel.
The decision to impose a further increase of 6.5 cents on diesel and 2.9 cents on petrol on 1 January 2019 was seen as the final straw.
- BBC