Youth protest peacefully in April 2024. Photo: RNZ Pacific / Lydia Lewis
As New Caledonia passes the one-month mark since violent and deadly clashes erupted on 13 May, there has been no clear path put forward by Paris as far as the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS) is concerned.
On Wednesday, eight people, including the leader of the Field Action Coordinating Cell (CCAT) Christian Téin, were arrested by New Caledonia's security forces.
According to the public prosecutor's office, they face several potential charges, including organised destruction of goods and property and incitement of crimes and murders or murder attempts on officers entrusted with public authority.
"All the unrest, all the troubles, is the result of the ignorance of the French government," a spokesperson for the New Caledonia government, Charles Wea, said.
"We cannot have peace without the independence of the country. New Caledonia will always get into trouble if the case of independence is not taken into consideration," he said.
But speaking in an exclusive interview with RNZ Pacific, the French ambassador to the Pacific, Véronique Roger-Lacan, said there are options to resolve the ongoing conflict, but the violence needs to stop first.
Roger-Lacan said there was a national process to address the independence issue - that is through the controversial constitutional changes which has sparked the unrest.
"Listen to the people that were harassed in their houses." - Véronique Roger-Lacan
Paris is also engaged with the UN committee on decolonisation or C24 where options of self-determination through independence or free association with an independent State are being discussed.
On top of that, Paris has met with the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) heads or troika over the phone and said talks are underway to either organise a meeting with regional leaders soon or at the PIF leaders meeting in Tonga in August.
Whatever the option, the FLNKS and the wider pro-independence movement want a robust process that leads to independence, Wea stressed.
Charles Wea Photo: RNZ Pacific / Kelvin Anthony
Militarisation fake news
More than three-thousand security forces have been deployed and armoured vehicles with machine gun capability have also been sent to French territory.
Roger-Lacan said the forces are needed and rejected claims that the territory is being militarised.
She stressed that the thousands of special forces deployed are necessary to contain the violence and restore law and order.
Territorial route number one has been blocked by barricades erected by the rioters, and Roger-Lacan posed the question: "How do you remove this type of barricade if you have no forces?"
France's new ambassador to the Pacific, Véronique Roger-Lacan Photo: Normandy for Peace
'A militarisation movement happening' - Bhagwan
Pacific civil society groups continue to deplore France's actions leading up to the ongoing unrest and its response to the violence.
They have called for the immediate withdrawal of the extra forces and a phasing down of security options.
Pacific Conference of Churches general secretary Reverend James Bhagwan told RNZ Pacific France's heavy deployment of security forces looks like militarisationto him.
"We have seen far too much already these last few weeks to be fooled," Bhagwan said.
"We still have militias who are armed, we still have increasing numbers of security forces on the ground. That is militarisation whether it is a formal or something that's been organised in a different way.
"We are just calling it as we see [it].
"We've also seen the way in which the French government treats that particular area, recognising that this is part of maintaining their colonies as part of the Indo-Pacific strategy, that there is a militarisation movement happening by the French in the Pacific."
However, Roger-Lacan vehemently disagrees with such claims, saying individuals such as Bhagwan need to get their facts right.
She said claims that the French state has militarised New Caledonia and the region, must be corrected because "it's not true."
"First of all, violence had to be stopped, and public order and law enforcement had to be resumed," she said.
"I would like to suggest for those people [civil society] to watch the houses that were burnt, to listen to the people that were harassed in their houses, to listen to people who were scared of the violence."
She said such comments were biassed, doubling down that "reinforcement was needed".
The general secretary of the Pacific Council of Churches, James Bhagwan. Photo: RNZ / Jamie Tahana
Intergenerational trauma
The French ambassador to the Pacific said concerns that the death toll from the unrest is much higher than reported was also not true.
The death toll stands at eight, she said, adding three state security forces and five civilians have died.
But some indigenous Kanaks have called for Paris to investigate the death toll, as they believe more young rioters are feared dead.
Roger-Lacan wants worried parents to know France has heard them and concerned parents can call the 24/7 hotline.
"With gendarmerie in New Caledonia, everywhere, they know all the families, they know all the tribes," she stressed.
"It is not true that we don't have the appropriate relays with the whole population."
Bhagwan believes it is naive to expect communities to simply trust France given the political history of the territory.
He said there is "intergenerational trauma" simmering under the surface, especially when Kanaks see French forces on their land.
"You can understand then why mothers are concerned about their children, and so to ignore that intergenerational trauma for people in Kanaky, is really a little bit of naivety on the French High Commissioners part," Bhagwan said.
But one thing all parties agree on is that "force" is not the answer to solve the current crisis.
"Of course, force is not the answer," Roger-Lacan said, but adding "force has to be used to bring back public order sometimes".