India says it launched air strikes against militants in Pakistani territory, in a major escalation of tensions between the two countries.
Pakistani protesters burn an Indian national flag during a protest in Peshawar on February 26, 2019, following the Indian Air Force strike launched on a Jaish-e-Mohammad camp at Balakot. Photo: AFP
The government said strikes targeted a training camp of the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) group in Balakot.
Pakistan said its jets had forced back the Indian planes and denied there were any casualties.
Relations between the countries were strained by a militant attack on Indian troops in Kashmir earlier this month.
India accuses Pakistan of allowing militant groups to operate on its territory and says Pakistani security agencies played a role in the suicide attack on 14 February, which was claimed by JeM and killed 40 Indian troops.
Pakistan denies any role and says it does not provide safe haven to militants.
Balakot is in Pakistan's north-western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Residents there told BBC Urdu they were woken by loud explosions. Pakistan condemned the strike and said it would respond "at the time and place of its choosing".
The strikes are the first launched across the line of control - the de facto border that divides India-administered Kashmir from Pakistan-administered Kashmir - since a war between the two countries in 1971.
Both India and Pakistan claim all of Muslim-majority Kashmir, but control only parts of it. The nuclear-armed nations have fought three wars and a limited conflict since independence from Britain in 1947 - and all but one were over Kashmir.
What does India say happened?
Indian Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale told a news conference that the strikes had killed a "large number" of militants, including commanders, and had avoided civilian casualties.
"Credible intel [intelligence] was received that JeM was planning more suicide attacks in India. In the face of imminent danger, a pre-emptive strike became absolutely necessary," he said.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi did not directly mention the air strikes when he addressed a political rally in Rajasthan later on Tuesday but he told cheering crowds: "I understand your enthusiasm and your energy. Today is a day we bow before our heroes."
India is due to hold elections by the end of May.
In Srinagar city, in Indian-administered Kashmir, residents expressed concerns over the spike in tensions.
"Whatever is happening between these two hostile neighbours, it's us who are in the middle of this war theatre," Shabir Aakhoon, a banker, said.
Local reporter Sameer Yasir said a heavy military build-up in the past three days has caused panic. Anticipating full-scale war, civilians have stockpiled food and crowded petrol pumps, triggering traffic jams in many places, he adds.
How has Pakistan responded?
Pakistan's army spokesman Major General Asif Ghafoor said the strikes caused no casualties. He tweeted that Pakistani jets were scrambled and forced the Indian planes to make a "hasty withdrawal", dropping their payload in an open area.
Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan later convened an urgent meeting of national security chiefs and condemned "irresponsible Indian policy".
"Once again [the] Indian government has resorted to a self-serving, reckless and fictitious claim," a statement issued after the meeting said.
"This action has been done for domestic consumption, being in an election environment, putting regional peace and stability at grave risk."
Mr Khan has summoned a special meeting of the National Command Authority (NCA) - the body that oversees Pakistan's nuclear arsenal - to take place on Wednesday, officials said.
Timeline of India-Pakistan tensions
- October 1947: First war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir just two months after they become independent nations.
- August 1965: The neighbours fight another brief war over Kashmir.
- December 1971: India supports East Pakistan's bid to become independent. The Indian air force conducts bombing raids inside Pakistan. The war ends with the creation of Bangladesh.
- May 1999: Pakistani soldiers and militants occupy Indian military posts in Kargil mountains. India launches air and ground strikes and the intruders are pushed back.
- October 2001: A devastating attack on the state assembly in Indian-administered Kashmir kills 38. Two months later, an attack on the Indian parliament in Delhi leaves 14 dead.
- November 2008: Co-ordinated attacks on Mumbai's main railway station, luxury hotels and a Jewish cultural centre kill 166 people. India blames Pakistan-based group Lashkar-e-Taiba.
- January 2016: Four-day attack on Indian air base in Pathankot leaves seven Indian soldiers and six militants dead.
- 18 September 2016: Attack on army base in Uri in Indian-administered Kashmir kills 19 soldiers.
- 30 September 2016: India says it carried "surgical strikes" on militants in Pakistani Kashmir. Islamabad denies strikes took place.
- BBC