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Midwives urgently want more vaccinators to be tasked with immunising those who are pregnant and children for whooping cough.
Te Whatu Ora has confirmed the South Island has its first case of the disease in the Nelson/Marlborough region with community spread a certainty.
Three babies have died from whooping cough this year.
The disease, also known as pertussis, often started with cold symptoms and can give people a bad cough that can make it difficult to breathe and often finishes with a whooping sound, dry-retching or a vomit.
It is particularly dangerous for babies and young children.
New Zealand College of Midwives chief executive Alison Eddy says the latest case was a concern.
"We've probably some undetected cases out there, the concerning thing at the moment is that vaccination rates are not as high as they would be ideally so that does put those that are vulnerable of whooping cough - which is particularly very young children - at risk."
Eddy said more can be done to increase vaccination rates.
Expanding the vaccination workforce would help reduce barriers for those most at risk, she said.
"It's great to see better accessibility with pharmacies providing free whooping cough and flu immunisations to pregnant women and people, but we also need more public health promotion to raise awareness."
Midwives were qualified to prescribe and administer vaccines, Eddy said, but they were not currently resourced to do so.
The college was calling for the development and establishment of a dedicated pregancy vaccination strategy as well as an awareness campaign.
The college recommends those who are pregnant get vaccinated from 16 weeks of pregnancy and up to 2 weeks before birth.
Vaccinations for babies start at age six weeks, and boosters were required a few weeks later.
A top level taskforce has made 54 recommendations to try to turn around the country's "dire" and unfair childhood immunisation rates.
Among its recommendations was that more vaccinators were trained and employed and improving rates among pregnant people.