Brazil needed a penalty shootout to beat Chile and reach the football World Cup quarter-finals, after their dramatic last-16 match in Belo Horizonte ended 1-1 after extra time.
Chile's Gonzalo Jara missed the vital spot-kick after Neymar had converted for Brazil, who win 3-2.
Brazil went ahead after 18 minutes when Thiago Silva nodded on Neymar's corner and David Luiz was on hand at the back post to bundle the ball over the line, though replays suggested Chile defender Gonzalo Jara got the last touch.
Chile got back on level terms in the 32nd minute when sloppy defending let in Alexis Sanchez, who fired past Julio Cesar from close range.
Hulk had a goal disallowed for using an arm to control the ball and although Brazil dominated the second half and extra time, Chile almost stole it in the final moments when Mauricio Pinilla hit the bar.
Brazil, who beat Chile 3-0 at the same stage four years ago in South Africa, will face Colombia or Uruguay in the quarter-finals.