Health authorities are warning people to steer clear of Waipu estuary in Northland, where red algae blooms have killed hundreds of fish.
Northland Regional Council says the dying blooms reduced dissolved oxygen in the water and suffocated the fish.
It says a large section of the estuary - 42 kilometres south of Whangarei - is affected.
As the fish decompose, they are, in turn, releasing hydrogen sulphide gas, with a "rotten egg" odour.