By Cynthia Kim and Josh Smith
This undated picture released from North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on 10 October, shows a Hokkaido missile launch training test by the Korean People's Army Tactical Nuclear Operation Unit at an undisclosed location. Photo: AFP/ Korean Central News Agency
North Korea's recent flurry of missile tests were designed to simulate sprinkling South Korea with tactical nuclear weapons, as a warning, the country's state news agency KCNA says.
The missile test 'warnings' were a follow-up to large-scale navy drills by South Korean and US forces, KCNA said.
North Korea fired two ballistic missiles early on Sunday, officials in Seoul and Tokyo said, making it the seventh such launch since 25 September.
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un had guided exercises by nuclear tactical operation units over the past two weeks, involving ballistic missiles with mock nuclear warheads, KCNA reported.
The move was to deliver a strong message of war deterrence, it said.
The various tests simulated targeting military command facilities, striking main ports, and neutralising airports in the South, the news agency added.
"The effectiveness and practical combat capability of our nuclear combat force were fully demonstrated as it stands completely ready to hit and destroy targets at any time from any location," KCNA said.
"Even though the enemy continues to talk about dialogue and negotiations, we do not have anything to talk about, nor do we feel the need to do so," it quoted Kim.
KCNA said North Korea's ruling Workers' Party decided to conduct the drills as an unavoidable response to a large-scale mobilisation of US and South Korean naval forces, including an aircraft carrier and a nuclear powered submarine.
"The statement they've released is crystal clear that this recent spate of tests was their way of signalling resolve to the United States and South Korea as they carried out military activities of their own," said Ankit Panda of the US-based Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
The United States and South Korea held joint maritime exercises involving a US aircraft carrier on Friday, a day after the South scrambled fighter jets in reaction to an apparent North Korean aerial bombing drill.
The navy exercises involved the US carrier Ronald Reagan and its strike group. The naval forces of South Korea, Japan and the United States also conducted joint drills previous to that.
US-led UN forces are still technically at war with North Korea, as the 1950-1953 Korean war ended in an armistice rather than a peace treaty.
Another image released by KCNA of testing by North Korea, on 10 October. Photo: AFP/ North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency
Tactical nuclear weapons
North Korea had previously only referred to one missile as having a tactical nuclear capability, but the statement clarified that many systems, new and old, would be assigned such a role, Ankit Panda said.
If North Korea resumed nuclear testing, it could include development of smaller tactical warheads meant for battlefield use and designed to fit on short-range missiles such as the ones tested recently, analysts said.
South Korean and US officials said there were signs North Korea could soon detonate a new nuclear device in underground tunnels at its Punggye-ri Nuclear Test site, which was officially shuttered in 2018.
Analysts said putting small warheads on short-range missiles could represent a dangerous change in the way North Korea deployed and planned to use nuclear weapons.
New missile, underwater silos
On 4 October, North Korea test-fired a ballistic missile farther than ever before, flying what it said was a new intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) missile over Japan for the first time since 2017.
Analysts confirmed the photos released by state media did show a previously unseen IRBM.
"It's incredibly unusual though that they'd test a previously untested missile for the first time over Japan; it suggest a substantial degree of confidence in the engine," Panda said.
Among the other missiles shown in the photos were short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) that included KN-25 and KN-23 types, as well as one with a heavy 2.5 tonne payload, as well as a KN-09 300mm Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS).
The photos notably showed a test of a "navalised" KN-23 designed to be launched from a submarine. That missile was showcased in a test in the ocean last year, but this time the test was conducted in a way that simulated a launch from what state media called "a silo under a reservoir."
This year has seen North Korea test fire missiles from different locations and launch platforms, including trains, in what analysts said was an effort to simulate a conflict and make it difficult for enemies to detect and destroy the missiles.
The KN-23 was designed to perform a pull-up manoeuvre as it approached a target, intended to help it evade missile defences.
- Reuters