Russia warned Kyiv residents to flee their homes on Tuesday and rained rockets on the city of Kharkiv as Russian commanders intensified their bombardment of Ukrainian urban areas in a shift of tactics after their six-day assault stalled.
Members of a Ukrainian civil defence unit pass new assault rifles to the opposite side of a blown up bridge on Kyiv's northern front. Photo: AFP or licensors
A US official said a miles-long armoured column bearing down on the capital Kyiv had not made any advances in the past 24 hours, frozen in place by logistics problems, short on fuel and food, and perhaps pausing to reassess tactics.
Russia's defence ministry said its forces would strike targets in Kyiv used by Ukraine's security service and also communications sites. It warned residents near such sites to leave their homes, while giving no information about where in the city of three million people those targets were located.
Speaking in a heavily guarded government compound in Kyiv, President Volodymyr Zelensky said Russia must "first stop bombing people" before peace talks could make any headway.
In a joint interview with Reuters and CNN, Zelensky also urged NATO members to impose a no-fly zone to stop Russia's airforce, something the military alliance has ruled out.
As Zelensky, unshaven and wearing simple khaki clothes, spoke, news came that a Russian missile had struck a TV tower near the Babyn Yar Holocaust memorial site in Kyiv, killing at least five people.
Rocket strikes on Ukraine's second biggest city Kharkiv killed at least 10 people and wounded 35, Ukrainian Interior Ministry adviser Anton Herashchenko said. Similar strikes killed and wounded dozens in Kharkiv on Monday.
Emergency services personnel carry a body out of the damaged local city hall in Kharkiv. Photo: AFP or licensors
Zelensky, who also spoke by phone for 30 minutes with US President Joe Biden on Tuesday, said the artillery barrages on Kharkiv, a city of 1.5 million, amounted to "state terrorism".
In their call, Biden and Zelensky discussed how Russia had intensified attacks on sites used by civilians and the US president underscored Washington's economic and security support and humanitarian aid to Kyiv, the White House said.
Expert describes Russia's military operation as 'shambolic'
The West has imposed heavy sanctions on Russia to shut off its economy from the global financial system, pushing companies to halt sales, cut ties and dump tens of billions of dollars' worth of investments.
Nearly a week since Russian troops poured over the border, they have not captured a single major Ukrainian city after running into far fiercer resistance than they expected.
Michael Kofman, an expert on the Russian military at Washington DC's Wilson Center, tweeted: "Looking at the Russian operation so far, they're having tremendous problems with logistics and communications. The whole effort seems shambolic."
Many Western military analysts fear that Russia will now fall back on tactics which call for crushing bombardment of built-up areas before trying to enter them.
A US official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said: "One reason why things appear to be stalled north of Kyiv is that the Russians themselves are regrouping and rethinking and trying to adjust to the challenges that they've had."
The Russians have been surprised not only by the scale of Ukrainian resistance but also by poor morale among their own forces, some of whom surrendered without a fight, the US official said.
Ukrainian servicemen in the snow outside of Kyiv on 1 March, 2022 - the sixth day of Russian attacks on their country. Photo: AFP or licensors
Russia still has more forces to throw into the fight even though President Vladimir Putin has drawn global condemnation and sanctions that have already sent the rouble into freefall and forced Russians to queue outside banks for their savings.
Russia's Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said the "special military operation" would continue until it had achieved its goals, defined by Putin as disarming Ukraine and capturing the "neo-Nazis" he says are running the country.
In the south, Russia claimed to have completely encircled Ukraine's Azov Sea coast. If confirmed, that would mean Russian forces invading from Crimea had joined up with separatists in the east and had cut off Ukraine's main eastern port, Mariupol.
Pictures released by US satellite company Maxar showed Russian tanks, artillery and fuel trucks stretching for 40 miles (60 kilometres) along a highway to the north of Kyiv.
Zelensky said Kyiv remained the main target. Some Kyiv residents have been sheltering in underground metro stations at night. There are long lines for fuel and some products are running out in shops.
Women carry their belongings as they walk along a deserted street in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv. Photo: AFP or licensors
Zelensky's appeal to the European Parliament
In an emotional address to the European Parliament by video link on Tuesday, a day after he signed an official request to join the European Union, Zelensky urged the bloc to prove that it sided with Ukraine.
"Do prove that you will not let us go. Do prove that you are indeed Europeans and then life will win over death and light will win over darkness," he said.
Watch Ukrainian president Zelensky's address to the European Parliament from:
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told a Geneva disarmament meeting via video link that Ukraine had been seeking nuclear weapons, but he did not provide evidence other than saying "Ukraine still has Soviet nuclear technologies and the means of delivery of such weapons".
More than 100 diplomats walked out of the hall in protest as his speech began, underlining Russia's international isolation.
Human rights groups and Ukraine's ambassador to the United States have accused Russia of using cluster bombs and vacuum bombs, weapons condemned by many organisations. Moscow denies targeting civilians.
The square outside the local city hall in Kharkiv, Ukraine, after the area was shelled by Russian troops on Tuesday. Photo: AFP or licensors
Ukraine's general staff said Russian losses included 5710 personnel, 29 destroyed and damaged aircraft and 198 tanks, all figures that could not be verified. Russia has given no full account of its battlefield losses.
'I saw war'
Moscow announced a ban on foreign companies selling assets to try to halt the flight of Western companies abandoning their Russian ties. Putin also issued a decree banning cash exports of foreign currency from Russia exceeding US$10,000 in value.
Most effective among the sanctions so far have been those on Russia's central bank that prevent it from using its US$630 billion foreign reserve war chest to prop up the rouble. The currency came under renewed pressure late on Tuesday, a day after it hit a record low against the US dollar.
More than 660,000 people, mostly women and children, have fled Ukraine to neighbouring countries such as Poland and Romania since the invasion began, the UN refugee agency said.
At the Hungarian border crossing Tiszabecs, a mother cradled a baby in her arms after a four-day drive from Kyiv.
"I saw war, I saw rockets," said her older son Ivan, 15, who looked exhausted after the journey. His father had stayed behind to fight.
- Reuters