Airborne transmission is the most plausible explanation for the spread of Covid-19 in an Auckland quarantine hotel, according to the "globally important" initial findings of a study.
The study looked at how Covid-19 was transmitted at the Jet Park Hotel in Auckland last July. Photo: RNZ / Katie Todd
The research studied how a solo traveller transmitted the virus to three others staying at the Jet Park hotel last July.
The study's lead author is Dr Andrew Fox-Lewis, an Auckland clinical microbiology registrar whose research interests are public health microbiology and infectious disease epidemiology and diagnostics.
Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand's Institute of Environmental Science and Research and the University of Otago are listed as author affiliations in the report.
The public health investigation found the group was in a separate room, two metres across a corridor, and had no direct contact with the person carrying the Delta variant.
Security camera footage shows four brief episodes of simultaneous door opening, at intervals of just three to five seconds.
Genome sequencing linked the trio's infections back to the solo traveller, leading researchers to conclude airborne transmission was the most likely scenario.
The solo traveller, called person A, arrived in New Zealand from a different country on a different date to the three others, who were part of a group of five known as B, C, D, E and F.
Person E had already tested positive for the virus, while the other member of the group, person F, was fully-vaccinated and never contracted Covid-19.
Transmission could only have happened at the hotel, the researchers found.
"This public health investigation demonstrates transmission from A to B, C, and D while in the MIF, with airborne transmission the most plausible explanation," the study found.
"These findings are of global importance for coronavirus disease public health interventions and infection control practices."
Researchers could not confirm if the guests were wearing medical masks when they opened their doors, but it was standard policy at the quarantine hotel.
"Person A did not leave the room at any point during their infectious period, likely resulting in a high concentration of viral aerosols accumulating in the room," the report said.
"Our findings support the hypothesis that during episodes of simultaneous door-opening, airborne particles in the room of person A rapidly diffused down a concentration gradient, across the corridor, and into the rooms of group BCDEF."