Bread used to celebrate the Eucharist during Roman Catholic masses must not be gluten-free - although it may be made from genetically modified organisms, the Vatican has ruled.
Bread and wine are consecrated for Holy Communion - part of Eucharist (Holy Mass). Photo: 123RF
In a letter to bishops, Cardinal Robert Sarah the bread - known as the host - was allowed to be low-gluten.
But he said there must be enough protein in the wheat to make it without additives.
The new rules were needed because the bread was now sold in supermarkets and on the internet, the cardinal said.
Roman Catholics believe bread and wine served at the Eucharist are converted into the body and blood of Christ through a process known as transubstantiation.
The wine used must also be "natural, from the fruit of the grape, pure and incorrupt, not mixed with other substances", said Cardinal Robert Sarah of the Vatican's Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.
The ruling was issued at the request of Pope Francis, the letter said.
There are about 1.2 billion Roman Catholics around the world.
View a glossary of Roman Catholic terms
- BBC