Prime Minister Christopher Luxon has addressed the survivors of abuse gathered at Parliament and watching from around the country, acknowledging horrific heartbreak.
"You have been heard. And you are believed," Luxon has said in the Debating Chamber.
"I am sorry you were not believed when you came forward to report your abuse.
"I am sorry that many bystanders - staff, volunteers and carers - turned a blind eye and failed to stop or report abuse. I am sorry the State's oversight of people in care was so poor.
Christopher Luxon delivers his apology in Parliament. Photo: Screengrab
"I am sorry that many abusers were not made to face justice which meant that other people experienced abuse that could have been prevented.
"I am sorry the State did not act quickly and boldly enough to put much better protection in place for people in all care locations, and that those acting on behalf of the Crown lost sight of you - the people behind the claims."
Some in the public gallery stood to listen to his words, one of those occasions when only a few seats remained empty.
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The acknowledgement and apology has been a long time coming. While far more action - including appropriate compensation and redress - was needed, this was a start - something Luxon himself also acknowledged.
"Clearly, words must be accompanied by actions," he said. "We must do the right thing by you and provide you with the support that you need. Second, we must do all we can to prevent abuse happening in the future."
He said many survivors did not want to engage with the current compensation process - but more than 3500 were - and he signalled there would be an extra $32 million funnelled into that system "while we work on the new redress system".
Opposition leader Chris Hipkins said he formally joined with the government in its apology, saying the day was a significant step forward.
"Today is a hugely important day for all of you, to finally hear what the Crown has failed to give you for all of these years, an apology. It is a hugely important day for us - the representatives of the Crown and of successive governments - that we finally, finally acknowledge the thousands of confronting experiences of neglect, abuse, trauma, torture, and that we finally own up fully to our failings and offer our sincerest apologies.
"We are sorry. Today all of Aotearoa New Zealand will bear witness to the truth, to what survivors experienced, to our decades of wilful ignorance, denial, minimisation and to our conviction to end such horror and vile acts from continuing."
He said the country owed a huge debt to survivors.
Labour leader Chris Hipkins also delivered an apology. Photo: Reece Baker/RNZ
Survivors speak out
Fa'afete Taito Photo: Supplied
Earlier, three survivors had also been selected to speak.
Fa'afete Taito acknowledged those who had "left to join their ancestors" and others who had come forward but were ignored.
"Without you, there would have been no today.
"It hurts to dig around the pain. But beyond that, what we wanted and needed was some accountability for what happened to us."
He said survivors would see what accountability looked like.
"Regardless of what happens today, it is our collective power that'll contribute most to our healing journey. We owe that to ourselves."
Keith Wiffen, who spent time in Epuni Boys' Home, said he had heard "meaningless words" from the state before. He too acknowledged those who had died before seeing today's apology or effective redress, calling on the prime minister to work on that.
"You gave hope and you raised expectation that redress would soon be delivered. It is time to deliver.
"Prime Minister, you must hold churches and faith-based organisations to account. You must compel them to do what's right as the state has an obligation to all children under its roof."
Tu Chapman called for the Children's Ministry, Oranga Tamariki, to be abolished, telling the prime minister "you owe us right now".
Placed in state care before turning two, Chapman remained there until they were 17.
"Five minutes. That's what each of us have been given to speak on behalf of tens of thousands of survivors in response to today's apologies. Five minutes for decades of abuse, neglect, and torture by those running state, church, and faith-based institutions. Five minutes is all this regime has afford us to respond to a Prime Minister's apology we haven't even yet heard.
"Prime Minister, put your money where your mouth is."
Public sector apologies
Andrew Bridgman Photo: RNZ / REECE BAKER
The day began with lead minister Erica Stanford welcoming 250 survivors to Parliament's banquet hall, telling them "today is about you".
"You'll never ever be forgotten. The stories of thousands of brave survivors will be forever etched into the pages of our history."
They heard too from the leaders of public sector agencies, with Oranga Tamariki's Andrew Bridgman acknowledging the fear and abuse faced by children in the care of the state.
"When you asked for help, we did not listen. When you showed us the bruises, we looked away ... we are sorry for not giving you a safe place to grow up."
Some in the audience cried out that "sorry is not enough", and others shook their heads in disbelief as Bridgman spoke.
Director-General of Health Diana Sarfati said the health system had failed them, with insufficient systems for reporting abuse and neglect - and failures to act when it was reported.
"In some cases, this so-called treatment was so abhorrent that the United Nations and the government have recognised it as torture. This abuse was perpetrated by people in positions of authority that survivors should have been able to trust, including carers and health workers."
Education Secretary Andy Johnson acknowledged survivors' care and needs should have been the priority "and they weren't ... it was not your fault ... our failings extended across many communities and cultures".
"Apology without change is abuse," a member of the crowd cried out as Jackson received sporadic applause.
The Social Development chief executive Debbie Power said the ministry may have believed it was removing the children from harm, "but often we were putting you in harm's way. We did not always protect you, for that I am deeply sorry".
"Our redress process has not always got things right. I accept the Royal Commission's finding that for some of you it has been slow, traumatising and litigious."
The audience response to Power had been the most vocal yet - with some calling on her to release their files - but the strongest response was reserved for Solicitor-General Una Jagose, the head of Crown Law.
At times she had to stop speaking, struggling to be heard over the crowd, even as some walked out.
"I am here today to say I am sorry," she said.
"No you're not," one person said. "You wanted us dead," another said; "You never treated us with dignity,"; "You got paid big money to shut us up."
"I will not look away. We will do better," Jagose concluded as boos and a small number of claps rang around the hall.
The Acting Police Commissioner Tania Kura received a much calmer response, and the loudest applause, acknowledging police had at times harboured biases against the victims, sometimes not believing the accounts or failing to investigate.
"We didn't ask questions if you ran away and we trusted the explanations of the people we took you back to. These failures spanned decades in multiple police administrations and as the current commissioner I take full responsibility."
Finally, the Public Service Commissioner acknowledged the public sector's failures to ensure standards of integrity and conduct of public servants, and to enforce them.
"I regret that we did not always deliver on those responsibilities."