FBI director James Comey has confirmed for the first time that the FBI is investigating alleged Russian interference in the 2016 election.
FBI director James Comey, left, and National Security Agency director Mike Rogers at the Intelligence Committee hearing. Photo: AFP
However, Mr Comey said his agency had seen no evidence to back up President Donald Trump's claim that his phones had been tapped by the Obama administration.
He was giving evidence to the congressional intelligence committee.
The Trump administration said nothing had changed and there was "no evidence of Trump-Russia collusion".
Russia has always denied attempting to influence the US presidential election.
The FBI investigation would examine possible links between individuals in the Trump campaign and the Russian government and whether there was co-ordination between the Trump campaign and Russia, Mr Comey said.
The FBI would also assess whether crimes were committed, he said.
Mr Comey said the investigation was "very complex" and he could not give a timetable for its completion.
"We will follow the facts wherever they lead," he said.
US intelligence agencies have concluded that Russia tried to help Mr Trump by hacking leading Democrats. Mr Comey said Moscow had long been opposed to Mr Trump's election rival, former secretary of state Hillary Clinton.
"I think that was a fairly easy judgment for the (intelligence) community," he said. "Putin hated Secretary Clinton so much that the flip side of that coin was he had a clear preference for the person running against the person he hated so much."
Asked about Mr Comey's comments, White House spokesman Sean Spicer read a series of quotes from officials - some from the Obama administration - who have said they have seen no signs of collusion between Mr Trump's campaign and Russia.
"You can continue to look for something but continuing to look for something that doesn't exist doesn't matter," he told reporters at the White House.
Mr Spicer said he was not aware of any White House official being under investigation by the FBI.
'No wiretap on Trump Tower'
Mr Comey said he had no information on unsubstantiated claims tweeted by Mr Trump earlier this month that former president Barack Obama had ordered a wiretap on Trump Tower.
"With respect to the president's tweets about alleged wiretapping directed at him by the prior administration, I have no information that supports those tweets," Mr Comey told the House of Representatives Intelligence Committee hearing.
This was despite looking carefully for such evidence, he said. The Department of Justice also had no information, he said.
Meanwhile, Admiral Rogers strongly denied that the NSA had asked Britain's GCHQ intelligence agency to spy on Mr Trump - a claim that had been repeated by Mr Trump's spokesman, Sean Spicer.
The allegation "clearly frustrates a key ally of ours", he added.
GCHQ has described the claim as "utterly ridiculous".
Mr Trump's recent joke about how Mr Obama had wiretapped both German Chancellor Angela Merkel and him "complicates things" with an ally, Admiral Rogers added.
However, Devin Nunes, the Republican chairman of the House of Representatives Intelligence Committee, said it was still possible that other surveillance activities had been used against Mr Trump and his associates.
What are the allegations?
In January, US intelligence agencies said Kremlin-backed hackers had broken into the email accounts of senior Democrats and released embarrassing messages in order to help Mr Trump defeat Mrs Clinton.
"That was a fairly easy judgement for the community," Mr Comey said. "Putin hated Secretary Clinton so much that the flipside of that coin was he had a clear preference for the person running against the person he hated so much."
However, late last summer the Russians concluded that Mr Trump had no chance of winning, based on polls at the time, and so focused on undermining Mrs Clinton, Mr Comey said.
Both intelligence chiefs said that Russia had made its intervention in last year's election campaign unusually obvious, perhaps to further its aim of undermining US democracy.
Mr Comey said Russia had succeeded in this goal, by sowing chaos, division and discord.
Mr Trump has since faced allegations that his campaign team had links to Russian officials.
Former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper has said he saw no evidence of any collusion, up until the time he left his post in January.
Which campaign members have been accused of deception?
Two senior officials in the Trump administration have been caught up in the allegations - former national security adviser Michael Flynn, and Attorney-General Jeff Sessions.
Mr Flynn was fired last month after he misled the White House about his conversations with the Russian ambassador before he was appointed national security adviser.
He allegedly discussed US sanctions with ambassador Sergei Kislyak. It is illegal for private citizens to conduct US diplomacy.
Meanwhile, Mr Sessions was accused by Democrats of lying under oath during his confirmation hearing in January.
He said he had "no communications with the Russians", but it later emerged that he had met Mr Kislyak during the campaign.
Mr Sessions denied any wrongdoing, but removed himself from an FBI inquiry into Russia's alleged interference in the election.
- BBC / Reuters