India will likely find out today who has won the country's general election after a long and bitter campaign and six weeks of voting.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi Photo: AFP
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, whose Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) stormed to power in 2014, campaigned hard to retain his commanding majority.
He was up against the resurgent main opposition Congress party led by Rahul Gandhi, and powerful regional rivals across the country.
Exit polls have predicted a win for Mr Modi, but analysts warn they have often been wrong in the past.
The last of seven rounds of voting over six weeks ended on Sunday and the counting of the stored ballots begins at 2.30pm Thursday (NZ time).
This election is seen as a referendum on Mr Modi, a polarising figure adored by many but also blamed for increasing divisions in India.
A party or coalition needs at least 272 seats to secure a majority in the 543-member lower house of Parliament, or Lok Sabha.
In 2014, the BJP captured 282 seats - the biggest victory by any party in 30 years. The Congress, which won just 44, suffered its worst defeat.
This year there were 900 million voters eligible to take part, making it the largest election the world had ever seen. They were voting on more than 8000 candidates and 670 political parties.
Indian voters pose for a picture with their ink-marked fingers after casting votes at a polling centre on the outskirts of Amritsar. Photo: NARINDER NANU / AFP
Results will be released in phases by the Election Commission - a picture of who is winning could emerge within hours, or it could take longer depending on how close the race is.
Final results are not expected until late on Thursday local time, or early Friday. Extra checks matching printed ballots against electronic voting machine results could delay the process.
Contenders and key vote battlegrounds
Mr Modi, with his tough image, remains the BJP's main vote-getter. The party and its allies could retain their majority even if they lose some seats. Critics say promises of stellar economic growth and jobs have not been met, and India has become more polarised along religious lines under his leadership.
His main rival, Mr Gandhi is trying to win over an India weary of his family's dynastic grip on politics. The party's chances of winning a majority appear slim. It also failed to stitch up a pre-vote alliance in crucial states in the east and the south in what analysts say is a sign of its waning influence.
India National Congress President Rahul Gandhi addresses at an election rally in Dimapur. Photo: AFP / Caisii Mao / NurPhoto
If neither of the two main parties can win an outright majority, powerful regional parties could play the role of kingmakers in a hung parliament.
A string of exit polls all suggested this outcome was unlikely and predicted a BJP win, but the forecasts were rejected by the opposition.
It's often said that whoever wins Uttar Pradesh wins the Indian election. The huge northern state sends 80 MPs - more than any other - to Parliament. In 2014 the BJP won 71 seats there. This time, a repeat performance seems far from certain.
Indian voters queue at a polling station to cast their votes in Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh state on May 19 during the seventh and final phase of India's general election. Photo: SANJAY KANOJIA / AFP
In a surprising move, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and Samajwadi Party (SP) - bitter rivals - banded together to form a so-called "grand alliance" against Mr Modi. Together, they could chip away at the BJP's impressive 2014 seat tally.
So the ruling party is hoping to make up for any losses with gains in states such as West Bengal, where it holds just two of the 42 parliamentary seats. Here, the BJP is up against Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee - a contest that produced some of the election's fiercest exchanges.
Counting agents from different political parties observe CCTV footage inside a vote counting centre at Mundera Mandi where Electronic Voting Machines are being kept on the eve of the counting day in India's general election in Allahabad. Photo: SANJAY KANOJIA / AFP
Four of India's five southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala - have long eluded the BJP. Of the 91 seats in these states, the BJP holds just four. In this part of the country, the party contests few seats, relying instead on alliances with regional heavyweights.
Counting votes in the world's biggest democracy
Electronic voting machines have been used in three Indian general elections before this one. They save money and time and results come within hours rather than the nearly two full days it took when ballots were tallied manually.
Indian polling officials check an Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) at a distribution centre in Kolkata. Photo: AFP or licensors
Each of India's 1.7m EVMs record up to 2000 votes (the number of registered voters at any given polling booth does not exceed 1500) and 64 candidates. After being unsealed they are individually inspected by counting staff and agents, overseen by a returning officer.
When he or she is satisfied that a voting machine has not been tampered with they press a button marked "result". The officer assesses the total number of votes given to each candidate before signing the results sheet and sharing it with the Election Commission.
The EVMs are counted in batches, and results released in phases. The media report the results in real time as they emerge. Final results on the Election Commission website come later.
All the machines now have printers producing voter-verifiable paper audit trails to ensure transparency.
Authorities will tally the paper trail slips - which are kept in separate sealed boxes - and compare them with the electronic result provided by the machine in at least 5 percent of polling booths. Election officials say this process could delay final results by a couple of hours.
- BBC