image_crop:117915:full]There were large protests in Mandalay (pictured) and other smaller cities, while tens of thousands of people rallied in the capital, Nay Pyi Taw.
Businesses closed as employees joined a general strike, despite a military statement that said protesters were risking their lives by turning out.
The statement prompted fears the protests could turn violent, but they remained peaceful throughout Monday.
Myanmar has seen weeks of protest following the coup on 1 February.
Military leaders overthrew Aung San Suu Kyi's elected government and have placed her under house arrest, charging her with possessing illegal walkie-talkies and violating the country's Natural Disaster Law.
Protesters are demanding an end to the military's rule and want San Suu Kyi released, along with senior members of her National League for Democracy (NLD) party.
"We don't want the junta, we want democracy. We want to create our own future," one protester, Htet Htet Hlaing, told the Reuters news agency in Yangon.
A statement from the military carried on state-run broadcaster MRTV said that protesters were "now inciting the people, especially emotional teenagers and youths, to a confrontation path where they will suffer the loss of life".
It cautioned people against "riot and anarchy". The warning prompted Facebook to remove the broadcaster's pages for violating its "violence and incitement" policies.
It comes after at least two people were killed in protests on Saturday - the worst violence yet in more than two weeks of demonstrations.
Foreign pressure on military leaders has also been high. In a speech on Monday, UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab called for Suu Kyi's release.
What's the latest?
Demonstrations have been taking place in all of Myanmar's main cities, with people waving flags and chanting.
Tens of thousands of people rallied in the capital, Nay Pyi Taw, and more than 100 people were reportedly arrested in the city.
But the mass strike also prompted action in smaller towns and more rural parts of the country. There were large protests in Mandalay, Myitkyina and the coastal town of Dawei.
The day of action has been nicknamed the "22222 Revolution" because it is taking place on 22 February. It is being compared by protesters to demonstrations on 8 Aug 1988 - known as the 8888 uprising - when Myanmar saw one of its most violent protests.
The military cracked down on anti-government demonstrations, killing hundreds of protesters. For many, the date is seen as a watershed moment in Myanmar.
"Everyone is joining this," protester San San Maw told Reuters in Yangon. "We need to come out."
"We came out today to join in the protest, to fight until we win," another told AFP. "We are worried about the crackdown, but we will move forward. We are so angry."
Thompson Chau, editor of local media outlet Frontier, told the BBC's World Service that the protests seemed "a lot bigger than before, with more roads blocked, highways blocked and shops closed everywhere we go".
"Today is more of a huge strike in a sense that everyone is not going to work. All the shops are closed."
Chau added that even those working for "official state companies" as well as "government doctors [and] engineers" were going on strike.
There have not been reports of widespread violence, despite the stern warnings delivered by the military on state media.
Images on social media appeared to show some protesters forming the shape of 22222, while others waved signs and banners bearing the number.
What has the reaction been?
As the protests grew on Monday, international pressure mounted on Myanmar's generals to hand back power to the ousted government.
"I call on the Myanmar military to stop the repression immediately," United Nations Secretary General António Guterres said in his annual address to the UN Human Rights Council.
"Release the prisoners. End the violence. Respect human rights, and the will of the people expressed in recent elections," he said, before insisting that "coups have no place in our modern world".
Myanmar's foreign ministry accused the UN and foreign governments of "flagrant interference" in its internal affairs.
The US, Canada and the UK have all imposed sanctions on the leaders of the coup.
And on Monday, the European Union said it was ready to impose its own sanctions on Myanmar's top generals.
"The EU stands ready to adopt restrictive measures targeting those directly responsible for the military coup and their economic interests," the bloc's foreign ministers said in a joint statement.
They also called for "a de-escalation of the current crisis through... the restoration of the legitimate civilian government and the opening of the newly elected parliament".
- BBC