Indonesia has banned coal exports in January, to ensure it has enough for the power plants at home.
A barge on the river of Mahakam transports coal from the mining area in Samarinda, East Kalimantan in Indonesia. Photo: AFP
The Southeast Asian country is the world's biggest exporter of thermal coal, exporting around 400 million tonnes in 2020.
Its largest customers are China, India, Japan and South Korea -- but it also supplies most of New Zealand's imported coal, roughly 900,000 tonnes a year.
Indonesia has a so-called Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) policy whereby coal miners must supply 25 percent of annual production to state utility Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) at a maximum price of US$70 ($102) per tonne, well below current market prices.
Indonesia's Energy Ministry said the ban was temporary and blackouts would occur if it was not enforced.
"Why is everyone banned from exporting? It's beyond us and it's temporary. If the ban isn't enforced, almost 20 power plants with the power of 10,850 megawatts will be out," Ridwan Jamaludin, director-general of minerals and coal at the energy ministry, said in a statement.
"If strategic actions aren't taken, there could be a widespread blackout."
In recent years, Indonesia has exported about 30 million tonnes of coal in the month of January.
Ridwan said coal supplies to power plants each month were below the DMO, so by the end of the year "there was a coal stockpile deficit," adding that the ban will be evaluated after 5 January.
Ahmad Zuhdi Dwi Kusuma, an industry analyst at Bank Mandiri, said the ban would push global coal prices higher in coming weeks as stockpiles decline, adding Indonesia's customers may turn to Russia, Australia, or Mongolia.
"In the midst of this global uncertainty, the market often seeks the safest partners," he said.
China's coal imports hit their highest level of 2021 in November, as the world's biggest consumer of the dirty fuel scrambled to feed its power system as the winter heating season kicked in. But Beijing had also ordered miners to boost production.
Putera Satria Sambijantoro, an economist at brokerage Bahana Sekuritas, said that Indonesia's economic growth may have resulted in a higher electricity and coal consumption forecast than earlier projections.
The PLN did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
In August 2021, Indonesia suspended coal exports from 34 coal mining companies it said failed to meet domestic market obligations between January and July last year.
- Reuters