Covid-19 contact-tracing apps will be rolled out in Australia and Europe in the next two to four weeks, officials say.
Singapore's new contact-tracing smartphone app called TraceTogether - a preventive measure against the Covid-19 coronavirus in Singapore. Photo: AFP
Germany's health minister Jens Spahn said his country's app would be ready to download in three to four weeks.
Meanwhile, Australia and Denmark plan to push out apps within two weeks.
Australian prime minister Scott Morrison said using the app would be voluntary to begin with - but he did not rule out making it compulsory.
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Contact-tracing apps are being developed by several countries around the world.
They typically use Bluetooth or satellite location data to record who a person has been in close proximity to.
That information can then be used to notify app-users if someone they have met becomes ill with Covid-19, and declares their status in the app.
But such tracking technology has raised concerns that it could be misused for mass surveillance, given the large proportion of the population who must install it for it to work effectively.
Australia's rapid development is partly down to basing it on an existing app called TraceTogether, which has already been deployed in Singapore.
Morrison said his government was finalising the legal issues surrounding privacy.
He declined to say whether using the app would be made mandatory in the future.
"I will be calling on Australians to do it, frankly, as a matter of national service," Morrison told Triple M radio.
"This would be something they might not normally do in an ordinary time, but this is not an ordinary time.
"If you download this app, you'll be helping to save someone's life."
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison. Photo: AFP
EU privacy laws
European Union member states such as Germany are being cautious about how they develop the tracking technology, after warnings from the EU executive that privacy and security regulations must be followed.
Spahn said that German app developers were working to make privacy tools "as perfect as possible".
Doing so meant it would be "more like three to four weeks rather than two weeks" before the app was released. Germany says using its app will be voluntary.
Denmark is set to release an app in the next few weeks developed by Netcompany - which employs nearly 400 people in the UK. It will use Bluetooth to detect contact with people within one to two metres. The company says authorities will only be able to access the data on an aggregated and pseudo-anonymised level - making tracing an individual impossible, the firm says.
In Italy, development of a national contact-tracing app has been outsourced to Milan-based app-maker Bending Spoons. The plan is to test the tracing app in some regions before rolling it out nationwide, although no timeline has been set.
The start-up, which has made fitness, sleep and gaming apps, was chosen from hundreds of applicants.
It is also part of the Pan-European Privacy Preserving Proximity Tracing (PEPP-PT) initiative, which is attempting to create a system which will work across national borders while preserving as much privacy and security as possible. German officials have also backed the initiative.
-BBC