Syrian government forces have been accused of dropping barrel bombs containing chlorine from helicopters in Aleppo, injuring 80 people.
Volunteer emergency workers say people suffered breathing difficulties after an attack on the Sukkari area in Aleppo.
The reports could not be independently verified. A UN-led inquiry concluded last month that the government had used chlorine on at least two occasions.
The Syrian government has always denied using chemical weapons.
It comes as Syrian opposition leaders prepare to meet in London on Wednesday to launch a new plan for a political transition to try to end the five-year civil war.
The umbrella group representing opposition factions, the High Negotiations Committee, will be hosted by UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson.
Foreign ministers from the Friends of Syria group of countries, which have supported the rebellion against President Bashar al-Assad, will also attend.
Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir said he still believed in a political solution to the conflict, and that Mr Assad was not in a "position of advantage or victory", despite his forces' recent advances.
"But if Bashar al-Assad continues to be obstinate, and continues to drag his feet, and continues to refuse to engage seriously, then obviously there will have to be a Plan B which will involve more stepped up military activity," he said.
A doctor treats a Syrian man suffering from breathing difficulties at a make-shift hospital in Aleppo. Photo: AFP
Distressed children
A volunteer emergency response worker from the Syria Civil Defence said he had reached the scene of the Aleppo attack on Tuesday shortly after a helicopter had dropped barrels containing what he said were four chlorine cylinders.
The Syria Civil Defence, an organisation that operates in rebel-held areas and is also known as the "White Helmets", posted video on its Facebook page showing distressed children using oxygen masks to breathe.
Chlorine is a common industrial chemical, but its use in weapons is banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention. If high concentrations of the chemical enter the lungs it can cause death.
A Syrian boy suffering from breathing difficulties is treated at a make-shift hospital in Aleppo. Photo: AFP
Opposition activists and medics accused the government of another chlorine attack in Aleppo in August.
Russia, an ally of the Syrian government, has accused rebels of firing shells containing "toxic gas" at government-held areas in Aleppo.
Brutal fighting
The UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria said on Tuesday that a brief period of relief early this year for civilians caught up in the war in Syria had been replaced by an even more brutal resumption in fighting.
Its 12th report said the cessation of hostilities in February had allowed some towns to receive their first aid in years but it only lasted a few weeks.
The report says 600,000 Syrians now live under siege, with up to 300,000 trapped in the city of Aleppo.
On Sunday, Syrian government forces were reported to have recaptured parts of Aleppo city which were lost to rebels last month, placing rebel-held districts in the city's east once again under siege.
A monitoring group said government troops had recaptured two military academy sites in the Ramouseh district, in the south of the city, and severed a recently established rebel supply line.
- BBC