Former US President Barack Obama has joined the tributes being paid to Nobel Peace Prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who has died aged 90.
Archbishop Emeritus and Nobel Laureate Desmond Tutu Photo: AFP
Obama described the churchman as "a mentor, friend and moral compass".
A contemporary of Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Tutu was one of the driving forces behind the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said he had helped bequeath "a liberated South Africa".
One of the country's best known figures at home and abroad, Archbishop Tutu was awarded the Nobel prize in 1984 for his role in the struggle to abolish the apartheid system enforced by the white minority government against the black majority in South Africa from 1948 until 1991.
Tutu's death comes just weeks after that of South Africa's last apartheid-era president, FW de Klerk, who died at the age of 85.
Church officials in South Africa say a week of tributes is being organised. The plans include two days of lying in state to allow the public to pay their respects before an official state funeral on 1 January.
File photo: US President Barack Obama (L) chats with Nobel peace laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu following a tour of the Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation Youth Centre in Cape Town in 2013 Photo: AFP
Obama said: "Archbishop Tutu was grounded in the struggle for liberation and justice in his own country, but also concerned with injustice everywhere."
"He never lost his impish sense of humour and willingness to find humanity in his adversaries, and Michelle and I will miss him dearly."
President Ramaphosa said he was "an iconic spiritual leader, anti-apartheid activist and global human rights campaigner".
He described him as "a patriot without equal; a leader of principle and pragmatism who gave meaning to the biblical insight that faith without works is dead".
"A man of extraordinary intellect, integrity and invincibility against the forces of apartheid, he was also tender and vulnerable in his compassion for those who had suffered oppression, injustice and violence under apartheid, and oppressed and downtrodden people around the world."
In a message of condolence, Queen Elizabeth II said she remembered with fondness her meetings with him, and his great warmth and humour.
"Archbishop Tutu's loss will be felt by the people of South Africa and by so many people in Great Britain, Northern Ireland and across the Commonwealth, where he was held in such high affection and esteem."
US President Joe Biden said he was "heartbroken to learn of the passing of a true servant of God and of the people".
"His legacy transcends borders and will echo through the ages."
The Nelson Mandela Foundation was among those paying tributes, saying Tutu's "contributions to struggles against injustice, locally and globally, are matched only by the depth of his thinking about the making of liberatory futures for human societies".
"He was an extraordinary human being. A thinker. A leader. A shepherd."
The Vatican said in a statement that Pope Francis offered "heartfelt condolences to his family and loved ones".
"Mindful of his service to the gospel through the promotion of racial equality and reconciliation in his native South Africa, his holiness commends his soul to the loving mercy of almighty God."
Former Archbishop of Cape Town and Nobel Peace Laureate Desmond Tutu, and his wife Leah, pose for photosat their house after casting their ballots in Cape Town on October 30, 2021 Photo: AFP
Known affectionately as The Arch, Tutu was instantly recognisable, with his purple clerical robes, cheery demeanour and almost constant smile.
He was not afraid to show his emotions in public, including memorably laughing and dancing at the opening ceremony of the football World Cup in South Africa in 2010.
Despite his popularity, though, he was not a man who was loved by all. He was very critical of the African National Congress (ANC) government in the post-apartheid era, when, at times, he felt it was misrepresenting South Africa - even warning in 2011 that he would pray for its downfall over a cancelled visit by the Dalai Lama.
In response, the national police commissioner Gen Bheki Cele told Tutu to "go home and shut up".
"He is not a vice-Jesus Christ," he said.
Ordained as a priest in 1960, Tutu went on to serve as bishop of Lesotho from 1976-78, assistant bishop of Johannesburg and rector of a parish in Soweto. He became Bishop of Johannesburg in 1985, and was appointed the first black Archbishop of Cape Town the following year. He used his high-profile role to speak out against oppression of black people in his home country, always saying his motives were religious and not political.
After Mandela became South Africa's first black president in 1994, Tutu was appointed by him to a Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up to investigate crimes committed by both whites and blacks during the apartheid era.
He was also credited with coining the term Rainbow Nation to describe the ethnic mix of post-apartheid South Africa, but in his latter years he expressed regret that the nation had not coalesced in the way in which he had dreamt.
- BBC